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Utilizing Nanotechnology for Pollution Detection and Removal in Order to Maintain Ecological Sustainability

Christian Kuntz*

The chemistry and topography of a surface have an impact on biological response and are crucial, especially when living systems come into contact with synthetic surfaces. Most biomolecules have a high recognition power (specific binding) and a proclivity to physically adsorb onto a solid substrate in the absence of particular receptor recognition (nonspecific adsorption). As a result, interfaces with both enhanced selective binding and reduced nonspecific binding are necessary to generate viable materials for various biotechnology applications. Surface chemistry tailoring and the use of micro or nanofabrication techniques become major avenues for the manufacture of surfaces with specified binding characteristics and low background interference in applications such as sensors. As surface active materials, Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) and polymer brushes have gotten a lot of interest. Both of these materials are discussed in this paper, as well as their prospective uses in biotechnology. We also examine the future of these materials by detailing developing new applications and review lithographic methods for pattern production utilizing a combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches.