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Using gas chromatography to analyse environmental data

Joe Wilson

Gas chromatography (GC) is still used today to identify and quantify the various environmental contaminants that are present everywhere. In order to analyze numerous classes of persistent organic pollutants in the air, water, soils, sediments, and biota, the present study describes state-of-the-art capillary GC. Techniques for sample preparation are given particular focus. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), insecticides, and halogenated chemicals are the organic pollutant classes that are discussed in this review. The study and use of matter structures with at least one dimension of less than 100 nm (1 nm = one-millionth of a millimeter) are the focus of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Size isn't as significant as low-dimension features, though. The foundation of nanotechnology is the observation that many very small structures frequently exhibit novel characteristics and behavior that are not present in bulk materials of the same composition. The fundamental ideas guiding the creation of nanosensors and their most pertinent applications in the study of the environment are introduced and covered in this overview. We concentrate on the characteristics and distinctive behaviors of nanosensors, many of which are related to their quantum nature.